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MIC37501/37502
5A, Low Voltage Cap LDO Regulator
General Description
The MIC37501 and MIC37502 are 5A, low dropout linear voltage regulator that provide low voltage, high current outputs with a minimum of external components. They offer high precision, ultra-low dropout (500mV), and low ground current. The MIC37501and MIC37502 operate from an input of 2.3V to 6.0V. They are designed to drive digital circuits requiring low voltage at high currents (i.e., PLDs, DSPs, microcontrollers, etc.). They are available in fixed and adjustable output voltages. Fixed voltages include 1.5V, 1.65V, 1.8V, 2.5V, and 3.3V. The adjustable version is capable of 1.24V to 5.5V. MIC37501 and MIC37502 LDOs feature thermal and currentlimit protection and reverse current protection. Logic enable and error flag pins are available. Junction temperature range of the MIC37501/02 is from -40C to 125C. For applications requiring input voltage greater than 6.0V, see MIC3910x, MIC3915x, MIC3930x, and MIC3950x LDOs. All support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at www.micrel.com.
Features
* 5A minimum guaranteed output current * 500mV maximum dropout voltage - Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion - Ideal for 2.5V to 1.8V, 1.65V, or 1.5V conversion * Stable with ceramic or tantalum capacitor * Wide input voltage range: - VIN: 2.3V to 6.0V * 1.0% initial output tolerance * Fixed and adjustable output voltages: - MIC37501--7 terminal fixed voltage - MIC37502--5 (TO-263) and 7 (SPAK) terminal adjustable voltage * Excellent line and load regulation specifications * Logic controlled shutdown * Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection * Reverse-leakage protection * Low profile S-Pak and TO-263 packages
Applications
* * * * * LDO linear regulator for low-voltage digital IC PC add-in cards High efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Battery charger
Typical Applications
VIN = 3.0V CIN MIC37501 VIN VIN VEN GND
DROPOUT (mV)
VOUT VOUT FLG 100k
VOUT = 2.5V COUT 100F, Ceramic
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0
Dropout vs. Output Current
Fixed 2.5V Regulator with Error Flag
V IN
CIN
2.5VOUT
MIC37502 VIN VIN VEN GND VOUT VOUT ADJ R2 R1
1.3V
COUT 100F, Ceramic
1 2 3 4 OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
5
Adjustable Regulator
Super eta is a registered trademark of Micrel Inc. Micrel Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC37501/37502
Ordering Information
Part Number Standard MIC37501-1.5BR MIC37501-1.65BR MIC37501-1.8BR MIC37501-2.5BR MIC37501-3.3BR MIC37502BR MIC37502BU
Note: 1. 2. RoHS compliant with "high-melting solder" exemption. Other Voltage available. Contact Micrel for detail.
RoHS Compliant(1) MIC37501-1.5WR MIC37501-1.65WR MIC37501-1.8WR MIC37501-2.5WR MIC37501-3.3WR MIC37502WR MIC37502WU
Output Current 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A
Voltage(2) 1.5V 1.65V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V Adj. Adj.
Junction Temp. Range -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C
Package S-Pak-7 S-Pak-7 S-Pak-7 S-Pak-7 S-Pak-7 S-Pak-7 To-263-5
Pin Configuration
5 4 3 2 1
TO-263-5
ADJ VOUT GND VIN EN
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
FLG/ADJ VOUT VOUT GND VIN VIN EN
TAB
TAB
S-PAK-7
Pin Description
Pin Number TO-263-5
1 2 3 4 -- 5
Pin Number S-PAK-7
1 2, 3 4 5, 6 7 7
Pin Name
EN VIN GND VOUT FLG ADJ
Pin Name
Enable (input): CMOS-compatible input. Logic high = enable, logic low = shutdown. Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device. Connect pins 2 and 3 together externally. Ground (TAB is connected to ground on S-Pak). Regulator Output: Connect pins 5 and 6 together externally. Error Flag (output): Open collector output. Active low indicates an output fault condition. Adjustable regulator feedback input. Connect to resistor voltage divider.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
Supply Voltage (VIN) ................................................. 6.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN) ....................................... 6.5V Power Dissipation(PD) .......................... Internally Limited Junction Temperature(TJ) ............... -40C TJ +125C Storage Temperature(TS) ............... -65C TJ +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5 sec.) ....................260C ESD Rating(3) ...............................................................2kV
Operating Ratings(2)
Supply Voltage (VIN) ......................................... 2.3V to 6.0V Enable Input Voltage (VEN) .................................. 0V to 6.0V Junction Temperature Range(TJ) ....... -40C TJ +125C Maximum Power Dissipation .....................................Note 4 Package Thermal Resistance S-Pak (JC) .......................................................... 2C/W TO-263 (JC) ....................................................... 2C/W
Electrical Characteristics(5)
TA = 25C with VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN = VIN; bold values indicate -40C < TJ < +125C; unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Output Voltage Accuracy Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation VIN - VOUT, Dropout Voltage Ground Pin Current Current Limit Start-up Time
(7) (6)
Condition
IL = 10mA 10mA < IOUT < IL(max), VOUT + 1 VIN 6V VIN = VOUT +1.0V to 6.0V IL = 10mA to 5A IL = 2.5A IL = 5A IL = 5A VIL < 0.5V, VIN = VOUT + 1V VOUT = 0 VEN = VIN, IOUT = 10mA, COUT = 100F Regulator enable Regulator shutdown VIL < 0.8V (Regulator shutdown) VIH > 2.25V (Regulator enabled)
Min
-1
Typ
Max
+1
Units
% % % % mV mV mA A A s V
-2
0.06 0.2 330 57 1.0
+2
0.5
1 350 500 100 11 500
Ground Pin Current in Shutdown
5
7.5 170
Enable Input
Enable Input Threshold Enable Pin Input Current
2.25 0.8
2 4 1 15 30 75 1 2
(8)
V A A A A A A mV mV % %
Flag Output
IFLG(LEAK) VFLG(LO) VFLG VOH = 6V VIN = 2.25V, IOL = 250A 210 93 2 99.2 1.228 1.215 1.240 40 1.252 1.265 80 120
400 500
Low threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Hysteresis High threshold, % of VOUT below nominal
% V V nA nA
MIC37502 Only
Reference Voltage Adjust Pin Bias Current
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Notes: 1. Exceeding the ratings in the "Absolute Maximum Ratings" section may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. PD(max) = (TJ(max) - TA) / JC, where JC depends upon the printed circuit layout. See "Applications Information" section. 5. Specification for packaged product only
MIC37501/37502
6. VDO = VIN - VOUT when VOUT decreased to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT + 1V. For output voltages below 1.75V, dropout voltage specification does not apply dut to a minimum input operating voltage of 2.3V. 7. IGND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT. 8. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.3V (device is in dropout).
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Typical Characteristics
450 400 DROPOUT (mV) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 3 4 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 5 250 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C) DROPOUT (mV) 350 2.5VOUT 450 400 350 300
Dropout vs. Output Current
500
Dropout vs. Temperature
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Dropout Characteristics (1.5V)
10mA load
2.5VOUT
5A load
0 1.5
1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.5
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
10mA load
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2 10mA load 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1.5
Dropout Characteristics (1.8V)
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1.5
Dropout Characteristics (2.5V)
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
Dropout Characteristics (3.3V)
10mA load
5A load
5A load
5A load
1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
50 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Ground Current vs. Output Current
GROUND CURRENT (mA) 2.5VOUT
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0
Ground Current vs. Suppl (1.5V)
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
10mA
100mA
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5
0.7 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0
Ground Current vs. Suppl (1.8V)
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
Ground Current vs. Suppl (1.8V)
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0
10mA
2.5A
100mA
5A
1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5
1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5
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1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.7
2.0 2.5 3.0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.5
0
Ground Current vs. Suppl (1.5V)
2.5A
5A
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Ground Current vs. Suppl (2.5V)
100mA 10mA
1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
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MIC37501/37502
Ground Current vs. Supply (2.5V)
0.12 GROUND CURRENT (mA) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 0.10 0.08 0.06 5A 0.04 0.02 0 0 2.5A 1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0 0
Ground Current vs. Supply (3.3V)
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0
Ground Current vs. Supply (3.3V)
5A
100mA 10mA
2.5A
1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5
1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
100mA
5A
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1 0.9 0.8
Ground Current vs. Temperature
60 50 40 30 20 10
Ground Current vs. Temperature
2.60 2.58 2.56 2.54 2.52 2.50 2.48 2.46 2.44 2.42
Output Voltage vs. Temperature
10mA
2.5A 1A
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
2.40 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2.25
Short Circuit Current vs. Suppl Voltage
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature
6 5 ERROR FLAG (V) 4 3 2 1
Error Flag Pull-Up Resistor
Flag High (OK ) VIN = 5V
Flag Low (FAULT)
3 3.75 4.5 5.25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
6
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 0.01 0.1
1
10
100
)
1k
10k
12 ENABLE CURRENT(A) 10 8 6 4 2
Enable Current vs. Temperature
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
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MIC37501/37502
Functional Characteristics
Enable Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 100F Ceramic IOUT = 5A
Line Transient Response
5V 3.3V
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 100F Ceramic
Load Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 100F Ceramic
Load Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 100F Ceramic
5A
5A
1A 100mA
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MIC37501/37502 and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super eta PNP(R) regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to "Application Note 9" for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink applications. Output Capacitor The MIC37501/02 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a Cap LDO, the MIC37501/02 can operate with ceramic output capacitors as long as the amount of capacitance is 100F or greater. For values of output capacitance lower than 100F, the recommended ESR range is 200m to 2. The minimum value of output capacitance recommended for the MIC37501/02 is 47F. For 100F or greater, the ESR range recommended is less than 1. Ultra-low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended for output capacitance of 100F or greater to help improve transient response and noise reduction at high frequency. X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7Rtype capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60%, respectively, over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic capacitor to ensure the same minimum capacitance over the equivalent operating temperature range. Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1.0F or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surfacemount chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be placed within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V Conversions The MIC37501/02 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47F output capacitor is all 8
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Application Information
The MIC37501/02 is a high-performance, low dropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to high-current regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load makes it especially valuable in batterypowered systems and as a high-efficiency noise filter in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the based-to-emitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. Micrel's Super eta PNP(R) process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. The MIC37501/02 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: * Maximum ambient temperature (TA) * Output current (IOUT) * Output voltage (VOUT) * Input voltage (VIN) * Ground current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this data sheet. PD = (VIN - VOUT) IOUT + VIN IGND where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the "Electrical Characteristics" or "Typical Characteristics" sections. The heat sink thermal resistance is then determined with this formula: SA = ((TJ(max) - TA)/ PD) - (JC + CS) Where TJ(max) 125C and CS is between 0C and 2C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor February 2007
Micrel, Inc. that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. By virtue of its low dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPNbased designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V, the NPNbased regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of at least 3.7V. The MIC37501/02 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.25V, respectively. This gives the PNP-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. Minimum Load Current The MIC37501/02 regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper operation. Error Flag The MIC37501 features an error flag circuit that monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage drops 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an opencollector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown.
MIC37501/37502 Enable Input The MIC37501/02 also features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws "zero" current (only microamperes of leakage). The enable input is TTL/CMOS-compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected up to VIN. When enabled, it draws approximately 15A. Adjustable Regulator Design
MIC37502 VIN
ENABLE SHUTDOWN
IN EN
OUT R1 ADJ GND R2
VOUT COUT
R1 VOUT = 1.240V 1 + R2 Figure 2. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors
The MIC37502 allows programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24V and the 5.5V maximum operating rating of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite large, up to 1M, because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense comparator. The resistor values are calculated by:
V R1 = R2 OUT - 1 1.240
Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Figure 2 shows component definition. Applications with widely varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load current required for proper operation (see above).
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MIC37501/37502
Package Information
7-Pin S-PAK (R)
4
1
2 1 3 1 2 3 4
1
5-Pin TO-263 (U)
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MIC37501/37502
MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2004 Micrel, Incorporated.
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